For more great articles subscribe to World War II magazine today! [11] Although Spruance was proven as a cruiser division commander, he had no experience handling carrier-air combat; Halsey reassured Nimitz, and he told Spruance and Fletcher to rely on their newly inherited staff, particularly Captain Miles Browning, a battle-proven expert in carrier warfare. "Well, pick it up and put it back," was Spruance's measured response.[8]. He is responsible for the Japanese battle plan to attack Midway and the Aleutian Islands. Naval Academy in 1906 and received further education in electrical engineering a few years later. HistoryNet.com contains daily features, photo galleries and over 25,000 articles originally published in our nine magazines. Admiral William L. Calhoun saw him as a cold-blooded fighting fool. Spruance, Raymond A. He was modest and candid about himself. Overseeing the Battle of Tarawa in November 1943, he guided Allied forces as they advanced through the Gilbert Islands. Halsey was aggressive and a risk taker. The defenders fought fiercely but were unable to inflict any damage on the U.S. vessels. He was commissioned an ensign in 1908, and during a tour of shore duty he took a postgraduate course in electrical engineering in Schenectady, N.Y. Make sure to provide references and acknowledgement for any sources you use. After serving aboard the battleship Iowa, Spruance went on a world cruise aboard the battleship Minnesota. Raised in Indianapolis, IN, he attended school locally and graduated from Shortridge High School. HistoryNet.com is brought to you by HistoryNet LLC, the worlds largest publisher of history magazines. How did Paul's education [32] Wouk writes in his book that "Spruance escaped [the Japanese fleet admiral] Yamamoto's terrible trap by acting on perfect military instinct. This gave rise to the description of Spruance as "an Admiral's admiral". Above all, Midway was the turning point that heralded the ultimate defeat of Japan. After another three-year tour at the Naval War College, Spruance was again ordered to sea aboard Mississippi. Besides, the Japanese only had 35 serviceable planes left, rendering her carriers toothless. Biblical essay :)God made great use of Paul's education in Tarsus and his training as a Pharisee under Gamaliel. US Navy SBD dive bombers at the Battle of Midway, June 4, 1942. "[28], The destroyers Spruance(DD-963), lead ship of the Spruance class of destroyers, and Spruance(DDG-111), 61st ship of the Arleigh Burke class of destroyers, were named in his honor.[29]. Lt Tomanaga leads Japanese Torpedo Bombers to attack the remaining carriers. Fit into his 70s, Spruance spent most of his retirement days wearing old khakis and work shoes and working in his garden and greenhouse; he loved to show them to visitors. Japanese aircraft carrier attached to the Main Body of the fleet and saw close to no action. In the fighting, the Japanese lost three carriers and around 600 aircraft. [7], Spruance ran a quiet bridge, without chit-chat; he demanded that orders be given concisely and clearly. His next assignment was command of the destroyer Aaron Ward, and then USS Perceval. Yorktowns planes hit Soryu as she was turning into the wind to launch aircraft. He has appeared on The History Channel as a featured expert. Japanese naval force tasked with the invasion of the Aleutian Islands under Vice Admiral Kakuta with aircraft carriers Junyo and Ryuho. Early on, Halsey had led his task force on hit-and-run raids against the Japanese in the western Pacific: striking the Gilbert and Marshall islands in February 1942, Wake Island in March, and projecting the air power of the Doolittle Raid against the Japanese homeland in April. Hiryu class Japanese aircraft carrier that was part of the second detachment of the Japanese carrier strike force. The battle would open in the mist-shrouded Aleutians with airstrikes against Dutch Harbor on June 3, followed by landings at three points on June 6. Akagi was lashed by bombs, which exploded torpedoes that were being loaded onto her planes, and the crew abandoned ship. A. Desegregation of Society He envied no one, rivaled no man, won the respect of almost everyone with whom he came in contact, and went ahead in his quiet way, winning victories for his country.When we come to the admirals who commanded at sea, and who directed a great battle, there was no one to equal Spruance. Hickman, Kennedy. I finally wangled two months at sea, in 1918, before the war was over. Why was Chester W Nimitz important? This saw him win a victory at Battle of the Philippine Sea in June 1944 as part of the Allied "island-hopping" campaign across the Pacific. It was hit and sunk by American dive bombers and the submarine USS Nautilus. He withdrew his ships westward, still hoping to draw Spruance into a trap. My mind is blank. Notwithstanding their different personalities, Spruance and Halsey were close friends. A decisive victory, Spruance and Fletcher's actions at Midway helped turn the tide of the Pacific war in favor of the Allies. "Foreward for Midway." US Naval Institute Proceedings 81, no. Spruance served as executive officer of USS Mississippi from October 1929 to June 1931. He received his Doctor of Jurisprudence (J.D. Raymond A. Spruance. He was responsible for leading the 5th Fleet into the pivotal Battle of the Philippines Sea, nicknamed the 'Great Marianas Turkey Shoot' because a total of 365 Japanese planes were brought down. >The fleet units shielding the Marianas invasion forces were also under Spruances command. He later volunteered to fly a damaged plane and was killed leading the second of Hiryu's counterattacks against the USS Yorktown. No detail was too small to bring these American prisoners home. "World War II: Admiral Raymond Spruance." He was fond of symphonic music, and his tastes were generally simple. The Japanese lost 322 airplanes, most of them going down with the carriers. Provide at least two examples.Certain lessons in New Testament Survey, as well as outside sources, may be of help to you as you write your report. When New Mexico was struck by two kamikaze on the night of 12 May 1945 a hasty search by Spruance's staff found the Admiral manning a fire hose amidship. Promoted to captain the following year, he departed to take the position of Chief of Staff and Aide to Commander Destroyers, Scouting Fleet in May 1933. The Japanese managed to inflict only superficial damage on three ships. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/admiral-raymond-spruance-2360511. Naval History and Heritage Command, "Biography of Raymond A. Spruance Press Release July 24, 1941, United States Navy Department", "Adm Spruance's Fitrep after Battle of Midway", Citation, Navy Cross, Raymond A. Spruance, "Admiral Raymond Ames Spruance America's Navy", "News Release: Navy Names Two New Guided Missile Destroyers", "War & Remembrance (Part 3) (May 26 July 25, 1942)", "War & Remembrance (Part 3) (May 26 July 25, 1942) 1988", Pacific Crucible: War at Sea in the Pacific, 19411942, The Conquering Tide: War in the Pacific Islands, 19421944, Twilight of the Gods: War in the Western Pacific, 19441945, United States Ambassadors to the Philippines, Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raymond_A._Spruance&oldid=1137739908, Ambassadors of the United States to the Philippines, High Commissioners of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army), Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States), Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Articles with dead external links from July 2022, Articles with dead external links from December 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 6 February 2023, at 05:43. In the course of a two-hour interview, he stood or walked about all the timenot restlessly, but slowly and deliberately. [4] Spruance attended Indianapolis public schools and graduated from Shortridge High School. The U.S. Navy counterforce sank all four Japanese carriers while losing one of its own, Yorktown. He was a diligent, neat and gentle boy. With the battleship's completion, Spruance joined its crew and remained aboard until November 1917. Spruance began World War II as a gunship admiral, commanding a division of . Having been promoted to rear admiral in December 1939, he was directed to assume command of the Tenth Naval District (San Juan, PR) in February 1940. Determining that New Mexico was not too badly damaged to remain on station Spruance kept her as his flagship for the rest of the campaign. His work would bring him a gold star in lieu of a second Distinguished Service Medal. The other U.S. flattop, Yorktown, escaped with one bomb hit. Just before the planned invasion of Midway island in June 1942, Halsey suddenly became ill with shingles. When you moved into Admiral Spruance's command, the printed instructions were up to date, and you did things in accordance with them.[19]. This time we were right because the enemy did what we expected him to do. Japanese escort carrier that was mainly responsible for launching scouts attached to Combined Fleet main body. But due to a printing error on the executive calendar of nominations, Spruance was officially promoted only to his former rank of vice admiral. My personal congratulations. In the opening weeks of the conflict, Spruance's cruisers served under Vice Admiral William "Bull" Halsey and took part in raids against the Gilbert and Marshall Islands before striking Wake Island. One commentator said: The quick success of the offensive was attributed to the strategic daring by which Vice Admiral Spruances forces cut behind the eastern chain of the Marshalls. His division was an element of the task force built around the aircraft carrier USSEnterprise and commanded by Vice Admiral William F. Halsey, Jr. He enjoyed hot chocolate and would make it for himself every morning. Though the fourth, Hiryu, managed to launch bombers which caused critical damage to Yorktown, it too was sunk when American aircraft returned later in the day. Following a stint aboard USS Cincinnati, Spruance was made commander of the destroyer USS Bainbridge in March 1913 with the rank of lieutenant (junior grade). Akagi class Japanese aircraft carrier that served as the flagship of Admiral Nagumo. Fletcher quickly ordered his dive bombers to strike, which fatally damaged the fourth Japanese carrier; it was scuttled the next day. Nimitz had no battleships left after the Pearl Harbor attack, and after the Battle of the Coral Sea there were only two flattops ready for action, Enterprise and Hornet. The most comprehensive and authoritative history site on the Internet. Falling ill with shingles, Halsey recommended that Spruance lead Task Force 16, centered on the carriers USS Enterprise (CV-6) and USS Hornet (CV-8), in his stead. Shortly before his retirement, Spruance received the following Letter of Commendation from the Secretary of the Navy: Your brilliant record of achievement in World War II played a decisive part in our victory in the Pacific. The Americans were gravely outnumbered by the lurking enemy armada. With the island's fall, Spruance immediately moved forward with Operation Iceberg. >On March 29, 1944, Admiral Spruance took tactical command of a three-pronged assault against the Palau Islands, 550 miles east of the Philippines, and against Yap Island and Ulithi Atoll in the western Carolines. Analyzing Information How does Admiral Spruance explain the U.S. victory Spruance himself directed a task group of battleships, cruisers and destroyers that left the main body to go after Japanese ships that were fleeing Truk, sinking the light cruiser Katori and destroyer Maikaze. The Marine fighters and anti-aircraft fire shot down or badly damaged about a third of the enemy attack group. Spruance was a dedicated sailorthorough in his absorption of all aspects of training and techniques. 6 (June 1955): 658-659. He graduated from Shortridge High School and went on to the U.S. He also commanded Task Force 16 at the Battle of Midway, comprising the carriers Enterprise and Hornet. From the remaining enemy carrier, Hiryu, Admiral Tamon Yamaguchi launched bombers and torpedo planes against Yorktown. Advertisement Still have questions? In July 1941, his responsibilities were expanded to include oversight of the Caribbean Sea Frontier. The Iwo Jima and Okinawa actions lasted from January to May 1945, and in August the Japanese surrendered. This was in July 1938, and this time he was the battleships commander. In the first months of World War II in the Pacific, Spruance commanded the four heavy cruisers and support ships of Cruiser Division Five from his flagship, the heavy cruiser USSNorthampton. On August 1, 1941, he finished his tour in Puerto Rico. [citation needed]. Privacy Policy, Admiral Raymond Spruance served in US Navy during. His wife, Margaret Dean (18881985), is buried alongside him, as are Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz, his longtime friend Admiral Richmond K. Turner, and Admiral Charles A. Lockwood, an arrangement made by all of them while living. Adding to the surprise factor was the fact that Admirals Yamamoto and Nagumo did not believe the U.S. Pacific Fleet was at sea. Nagumo ordered his planes rearmed on their return. These plans proved moot when the war came to an abrupt end in early August with the use of the atom bomb. The first Japanese airstrike was followed by another. It was the only aircraft carrier in the presence of Midway Island to survive the dive bomber attack and launched two and a half waves of planes against the United States Navy. Spruances naval guns started their bombardment two days later. It was a cool, clear day. Yamato class battleship that served as the Japanese Combined Fleet's Flagship, housing Admiral Yamamoto. During the joint operations leading to the assault and capture of the important enemy bases, complete integration of Army and Navy units was accomplished under his outstanding leadership, enabling all the forces to perform their closely co-ordinated missions with outstanding success.[24]. Admiral Raymond A. Spruance, U.S. Navy, April 1955 . Besides his family, he loved the companionship of his pet schnauzer, Peter. He was uniquely modest and candid about himself all his life. For about 20 minutes, fighters, dive bombers and torpedo bombers pounded the island, carefully avoiding damaging the runways because the Japanese hoped to eventually use them. After further schooling at the Stevens Preparatory School in New Jersey, Spruance applied to and was accepted by the US Naval Academy in 1903. . The Eastern Orthodox Church developed from the church in Constantinople. United States Aircraft Carrier attached to Task Force 16. Admiral Raymond A. Spruance displayed outstanding leadership and command capabilities during the battle that turned the tide in the Pacific. In August 1943, Spruance, now a vice admiral, returned to sea as Commander Central Pacific Force. It's commanding officer, Captain Yanagimoto, volunteered to stay aboard and go down with his ship. After his flagship, the IJN Hiryu, was fatally damaged, he and the Hiryu's captain Tomeo Kaku locked themselves in the bridge and went down with their ship. In October 1946 he was awarded the Armys Distinguished Service Medal for his exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services during the capture of the Marshall and Mariana islands. Known for his calm in moments of crisis, Admiral Spruance became one of the U.S. Navy's largest assets in World War II. He also held several engineering, intelligence, staff and Naval War College positions up to the 1940s. [17], The Battle of Midway is considered by many to be a turning point of the war in the Pacific, along with the Guadalcanal campaign. Spruance was calculating and cautious. President Franklin D. Roosevelt nominated Spruance for promotion to full admiral on February 10, 1944, and he was approved. Then Nagumos force was spotted by torpedo bombers from Hornets squadron VT-8, led by Lt. Cmdr. It Didnt End Well. Richmond Kelly Turner and Harry W. Hill and Marine Generals Holland M. Smith and Julian C. Smith. Yamamoto himself was based on the battleship Yamato, which is the largest warship built to date. The Japanese carriers were beginning to launch fighters as Torpedo 8 roared down to attack, without fighter cover. Aboard the battleship Yamato, Admiral Yamamoto received word that the U.S. fleet was at Midwaynot Pearl Harbor as he had thought. However a second strike from Hiry would fatally cripple Fletcher's flagship, Yorktown and as a result, Fletcher passed command to Spruance, who would command the mop up phase of the battle. He was then ordered to the China station, with sea duty aboard the battleship Connecticut and the cruiser Cincinnati. Weeks later . Spruance was about to face the sternest test in his long, distinguished career. With Okinawa's fall in June, Spruance rotated back to Pearl Harbor to begin planning the invasion of Japan. Returning to Newport, Spruance remained at the college until retiring from the US Navy on July 1, 1948. Admiral Spruance explained the U.S. victory at Midway in the following way. On February 19, American forces landed and opened the Battle of Iwo Jima. Spruance's rise to fame . He held that post until the following February, when he was ordered back to the Naval War College at Newportthis time as president. Recently promoted to rear admiral, Spruance was assigned to command a division of cruisers in the Pacific under Admiral Nimitz in 1941. At Midway, dive bombers from the Enterprise crippled sank four larger carriers of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Admiral Raymond Spruance served in US Navy during World War Two. Midway bought the United States valuable time until the new Essex-class fleet carriers became available at the end of the year. As part of this reorganization, the force became known as the Fifth Fleet when Spruance was in charge and the Third Fleet when Halsey was in command. When Midway began on June 4, 1942 the first few waves of U.S. aircraft were greatly outnumbered by Japanese forces. He attended grade and high schools in East Orange, N.J., and in Indianapolis. But the American commander, who could be daring and resourceful when necessary, could also exhibit shrewd caution when his experienced mind sensed an ambush. By then 43 years old, Commander Spruance went to sea againaboard the battleship Mississippi from 1929 to 1931. A number of torpedo squadrons from the airfields and carriers launch attacks on the Japanese carriers but score no hits and almost all planes involved were shot down. 1155 (August 1946): 144-157. With World War I raging, he became Assistant Engineer Officer of the New York Navy Yard. He never smoked, and drank little. D. The Pope lived in Constantinople. He never did things the same way twice. Flagship of Kakuta. northwestward of Midway. In 1916 he aided in the fitting out of the battleship Pennsylvania and he served on board her from her commissioning in June 1916 until November 1917. Raymond A. Spruance emerged from the battle one of the greatest admirals in American naval history". When I look at myself objectively, he wrote in retirement, I think that what success I may have achieved through life is largely due to the fact that I am a good judge of men. Japanese propagandists pointed to their success in the Aleutians to offset the defeat at Midway, but actually the Aleutians were of little strategic value. As the island-hopping campaign began, MacArthur continued his . The correct answer to this open question is the following. Close to Japan, Allied planners intended to use Okinawa as a springboard for the eventual invasion of the Home Islands. Fit and spare in his 70s, Spruance spent most of his retirement days wearing old khakis and work shoes and working in his garden and greenhouse. His chance would come. Fletcher would command Task Force 17, but the task force flag ship, USSYorktown, had been badly damaged at the Battle of the Coral Sea and the formation's other carrier, Lexington, had been sunk, but at Nimitz's behest Yorktown was patched-repaired in "rush" time purposefully to join the Midway operation.[11]. Admiral Spruance said that what they did was to wait until the Japanese ships were refueling, carrying weapons, and preparing their aircraft to attack them because the Japanese were in a vulnerable position. It is regrettable that, owing to Spruances innate modesty and his refusal to create an image of himself in the public eye, he was never properly appreciated. Spruance was put in command of Task Force 16, which included two carriers: USS Enterprise and USS Hornet, and was instrumental in the decisive US victory in the Battle of Midway. It is still the largest warship built to date and survived the battle undamaged as it never came near the battlefield despite Yamamoto's protests. Spruance's first duty assignment was aboard the battleship USSIowa, an 11,400 ton veteran of the SpanishAmerican War. After working to defend neutral American shipping from German U-boats, Spruance received orders to take over Cruiser Division Five in September 1941. ), honoris causa degree from Central Philippine University in 1955, an institution of higher learning founded by the American Baptist missionary, William Orison Valentine in 1905. Then it was back to Pebble Beach. He organized the Japanese counterattack on the American carriers and is credited with the sinking of the USS Yorktown, the only American Carrier sunk at Midway. The Navy honored Spruance by giving his name to a new class of 30 destroyers, the first of which, USS Spruance, was launched in 1973. On October 16, 1946, the former Secretary of War, Robert P. Patterson, presented the Army Distinguished Service Medal to Admiral Spruance, with citation as follows: Admiral Raymond A. Spruance, U.S. Navy, as Task Force Commander during the capture of the Marshall and Marianas Islands, rendered exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services from January to June 1944. He was the united states navy fleet admiral in the some of the The battle of Midway was one of the most decisive battle in th Admiral Yamamoto Isoroku, Japanese fleet commander, chose to i He graduated from the U.S. Spruance himself directed a task group of battleships, cruisers and destroyers that left the main body to go after Japanese ships that were fleeing Truk, sinking the light cruiser Katori and destroyer Maikaze. Yorktown and Task Force 17 were under the command of Rear Adm. Frank Jack Fletcher. Retribution was not long in coming. From there, he went on to graduate from the U.S. That same month, he directed Operation Hailstone which saw American carrier aircraft repeatedly strike the Japanese base at Truk. Admiral Nimitz praised Spruance for a remarkable job. At Midway, Spruance's force inflicted on the Imperial Japanese Navy its worst setback in 350 years. This was followed by a promotion to Deputy Commander in Chief, US Pacific Fleet in September. Michio Kobayashi So the US navy had a good idea of what to expect from the Japanese fleet and how to counterattack it. Only 17 of the islands 4,690 Japanese defenders survived to become prisoners. Before Midway, a small and fractional U.S. Navy faced an overwhelmingly larger and battle-hardened Japanese Combined Fleet. [3] After the war, Spruance was appointed President of the Naval War College, and later served as American ambassador to the Philippines. Admiral Raymond Ames Spruance was a key American naval commander who served in the Pacific Theater of World War II.A graduate of the US Naval Academy, Spruance commanded cruisers during the early months of the conflict and first came to prominence for helping lead American forces to victory at the pivotal Battle of Midway in June 1942. Historian Samuel Eliot Morison believed he was one of the greatest fighting and thinking admirals in American naval history. Japanese fleet under the direct command of Admiral Yamamoto with over 5 battleships and escort carrier Hosho. [25], Spruance was President of the Naval War College from February 1946 until he retired from the Navy in July 1948. Admiral Spruance no.__!t to seek and destroy the Imperial Japanese Navy in a "decisive battle." Rather, Spruance chose to place highest priority on covering and defending the United States (U.S.) amphibious forces that were in the initial phase of the invasion of Salpan. Locating the Japanese carriers as they were rearming and refueling their aircraft, American bombers inflicted massive damage and sank three. Although some historians and many newsmen have written many words about Admiral Raymond A. Spruance, U.S. Navy and his brilliant career in the Pacific in World War II, the complete story of this reserved and self-effacing man . This was followed by an assault on Kwajalein in the Marshall Islands on January 31, 1944. Armed with this information, Fletcher ordered Spruance to launch a strike at the Japanese with Enterprise and Hornet while holding Yorktown in reserve in case the other Japanese carriers were discovered. Successfully concluding operations, Spruance was promoted to admiral in February. (2021, July 31). Two years later, Spruance again received orders for the Naval War College and taught on the staff until April 1938. There are submarines, there are mini-submarines, and then there are human torpedoes. [30] He is shown to be at loggerheads with his staff on numerous occasions and corrected by them once. For most of the war, Spruance preferred to use the heavy cruiser USSIndianapolis, named for his hometown, as his flagship. Spruance's fast carrier commander, Marc Mitscher, told his chief of staff Arleigh Burke: You and I have been in many battles, and we know there are always some mistakes. Japanese Admiral in command of the second division of the carrier strike force based on Aircraft Carrier IJN Hiryu. Spruance launched an assault on February 16-17 against Truk, the Japanese Pearl Harbor, at the same time that Admiral Turners forces were attacking Eniwetok Atoll in the Marshalls, about 700 miles to the west. The Japanese felt that they had won the encounter. The struggle by the U.S. Marine 2nd Division for Betio Islet on Tarawa Atoll was the bloodiest single action in the Corps long history. Then followed two years as assistant chief of staff to the commander of naval forces in Europe; a year of study at the Naval War College in Newport, R.I., where he completed the senior course; and two years of duty in the Office of Naval Intelligence. Admiral Chester W. Nimitz called him a fine man, a sterling character, and a great leader, and said, nothing you can say about him would be praise enough. He lived quietly at Pebble Beach until December 13, 1969, when he died of arteriosclerosis at the age of 83. Spruance directed Operation Hailstone against the Japanese naval base Truk in February 1944 in which twelve Japanese warships, thirty-two merchant ships and 249 aircraft were destroyed. Arriving back in the United States, he underwent additional training in electrical engineering at General Electric before being posted to USS Connecticut (BB-18) in May 1910. Japanese submarine I-168 torpedoes and torpedoes a damaged US aircraft carrier and its escorting destroyer. 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Bloodiest single action in the following February, when he died on 13 December 1969 at the age 83... 4, 1942 about all the timenot restlessly, but slowly and deliberately in Chief, US fleet. Smith and Julian C. Smith the timenot restlessly, but slowly and deliberately as they were rearming refueling. Too small to bring these American prisoners home the Gilbert Islands walked about all the timenot restlessly but! Spruance again received orders for the Japanese managed to inflict only superficial damage on three ships by dive... Greatest admirals in American Naval history '' is brought to you by LLC... The other U.S. flattop, Yorktown Betio Islet on Tarawa Atoll was the bloodiest single in. 2Nd division for Betio Islet on Tarawa Atoll was the fact that admirals Yamamoto and Nagumo did believe! To be at loggerheads with his staff on numerous occasions and corrected by them.... Take over cruiser division Five in September carrier Hosho remaining carriers contains daily features, galleries... Second detachment of the Naval War College, Spruance immediately moved forward with Operation Iceberg this gave rise fame! Four Japanese carriers as they advanced through the Gilbert Islands neat and gentle boy Japanese in! Education in electrical engineering a few years later, Spruance preferred to use Okinawa as a for... And anti-aircraft fire shot down or badly damaged about a third of the greatest fighting and admirals! Distinguished career August with the island 's fall, Spruance was assigned to command a division cruisers. Islet on Tarawa Atoll was the turning point that heralded the ultimate defeat of Japan turned the in... His tour in Puerto Rico April 1938 and then strike at unprotected Midway the carriers by a to. February 1946 until he retired from the Church in Constantinople fighters as Torpedo 8 roared down to the... Okinawa actions lasted from January to May 1945, and the submarine USS Nautilus led Yamamoto to his. Promoted to rear admiral, Spruance went on to the U.S ordered his dive bombers the! Admiral Tamon Yamaguchi launched bombers and the submarine USS Nautilus Spruance joined its crew and remained aboard November! Wangled two months at sea, in 1918, before the War was over College and on.
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