Death and burial ground of Kretschmer, Otto Wilhelm August "Silent Otto". 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Only five sailors survived. [9], On 27 August 1941, U-570 was captured by the Royal Navy. The boat returned to Wilhelmshaven on 4 September. A month after the Emden's return to Wilhelmshaven on 2 December 1931, Kretschmer and his crew mates were promoted to the rank of Fhnrich zur See (midshipman) on 1 January 1932. Flotilla Admiral Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German U-boat commander in the Second World War and later an admiral in the Bundesmarine. Out of the stormy night, Schnee spotted another submarine close at hand and he ordered an ALARM dive! This means that we may include adverts from us and third parties based on our knowledge of you. In doing so, both the effectiveness and limitations of Kretschmers tactics are clarified and put into the context of the Battle of the Atlantic. He joined the German navy - the Reichsmarine - on April 1, 1930, as an officer candidate. The Life of Germany's Highest Scoring U-boat Commander. The crew remained in lifeboats nearby for reboarding once the attack was over. [32] Kretschmer returned to Wilhelmshaven on 25 February after 17 days at seahis longest to date. Otto Kretschmer (Straubing, 1912. mjus 1. [22], The fourth patrol (19 November) was unsuccessful. U-99 attacked the armed merchant cruisers HMS Laurentic and HMS Patroclus. Six months later, on 15 December, he officially became Flottillenadmiral. His school report contained the remark: "Kretschmer demonstrated his extraordinary courage in many instances. Second World War (1939-1945) Awarded on: November 4th, 1940. He fired a single torpedo that missed before he lost the ship in thick mist. Kretschmer indulged in sporting pastimes and scientific interests. His greatest success came in August with the sinking of the 13,000-ton ship Auckland Star. Later, a mated pair of swans came by with their offspring, about six cygnets, and they were looking for food as well. Sign up to get updates about new releases and event invitations. While working on the deck gun, the boat suddenly dived. I gratefully acknowledge the help of Marianna Colasuonno for patiently reading the manuscript and providing valuable suggestions throughout the drafting of this paper. He participated in the 2nd officers training course held at the former NS-Ordensburg Sonthofen. He prided himself on being able to take advantage of whatever the passing moment offered and made no elaborate plans for attacking convoys. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. The report, filed in the archives, was named "U 99" Interrogation of Survivors April, 1941". The boat went to the yard for repairs and OTTO left no doubt that he wanted his boat and his crew back at sea in the shortest possible time. Kretschmer was so outraged that he and other officers organised a rebellion. He hand signed some of our very rare fine art prints. Why? Kretschmer achieved good results in mathematics and chemistry and passed his Abitur (school-leaving certificate) at 17. She had been married before, to a doctor who was killed in action with the Afrika Korps. The officers were also taken to the prisoner-of-war camp at Grizedale Hall. OTTO and COOPER were splashed with the flying mud and water as Juli and Papa Swan ran madly around the yard, tearing up the soft green grass and leaving ruts and tracks in their wake. Keep me logged in. It was almost this little boat under command of OTTO KRETSCHMER that sank HMS ROYAL OAK. (Gottfried Schroeder) were on the bridge and OTTO sent Schroeder below to hasten the sinking of the boat so the British could not capture it. [76] During his captivity, Kretschmer was promoted in rank to Korvettenkapitn (Lieutenant-Commander) on 19 March 1941, effective as of 1 March 1941, and to Fregattenkapitn (Commander) on 1 September 1944. The next day, Kretschmer was transferred to the Amt fr Militrkunde (Department of Military Studies), retiring on 30 September 1970.[18]. Prien's demise was not disclosed. Admiral Sir George Creasy considered the manoeuvre so dangerous he thought it had been done by mistake. While his wartime actions have been narrated several times, his tactics, summarized by the famous motto 'one torpedo, one ship', have never been systematically analysed. We use cookies to improve your website experience. "He prided himself on being able to take advantage of whatever the passing moment offered and made no elaborate plans for attacking convoys. Laurentic and Patroclus were attacked on the night of 3/4 November. He was the fifth member of the German armed forces to be so honored. In later years, Kretschmer was often interviewed for television and radio programmes - including an appearing in the landmark British 1974 documentary series The World at War. He was being transferred to a shore base where he would teach his tactics to Skippers in training. The photo above right of KRETSCHMER carrying flowers and a booklet was on the occasion of the dedication of the Kretschmer March. They fought Canadian troops armed with ice hockey sticks, and only surrendered when the guards brought in high-pressure water hoses. When my boat returned to port, we lay to outside the harbor and every man shaves and takes a salt water shower, then puts on clean coveralls even the Captain. Otto Kretschmer Fregattenkapitn ( Crew 30) U-boat Commands Kptlt. U-99 was returning from her seventh Feindfahrt (war patrol) and this was to be OTTOs last Feindfahrt. Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, "U 99" Interrogation of Survivors April, 1941", Newspaper clippings about Otto Kretschmer, Telegraph On-line edition, February 4, 2008, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Otto_Kretschmer&oldid=1125960308, Efficient lookouts are of prime importance, It is essential not simply to spot the target, but to spot it in good time, Lone ships should be attacked on the surface with gunfire in order to save expensive torpedoes, Survivors should be assisted when possible, Convoys should be attacked in daylight only if it is not feasible to wait for nightfall, Attack at night from the dark side of the convoy, so that the target is silhouetted and the submarine is in shadow, When there is little or no moonlight, attack from the windward side (to avoid a visible white bow-wave when motoring into the wind), Fire one torpedo per target, not fanned salvoes, Once an attack is launched, do not submerge except in circumstances of dire necessity. "[73], Of his personality and view of the war it stated, "He gave the impression of being a quiet, deliberate man, and looked more like a student than a U-Boat Captain. Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War. From September 1939 to March 1941, Germany's Otto Kretschmer terrorised Allied shipping on the high seas. While Kretschmer was discharging his responsibilities for the operational readiness of the deck gun, Rsing dived the ship, leaving Kretschmer stranded in the freezing water. It took nine torpedoes and one dud to sink them; the latter was sunk after it stopped to pick up survivors from the former. Kretschmer sank all but one of the ships lost by the convoy. [39], Among the victims was the Estonian ship, Merisaar, 2,126GRT. From September 1939 until his surrender in March 1941, he sank 47 ships, a total of 274,333 tons. 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