However, RUC Special Branch believed that his brother Billy, who kept a much lower public profile, was the real leader of the group. ", "Ulster Volunteer Force is no longer on ceasefire, police warn", "Gary Haggarty: Ex-senior loyalist pleads guilty to 200 terror charges", "Police seize drugs and arrest 11 during raids on east Belfast UVF", "Nine men charged after east Belfast UVF police raids", "Brexit: loyalist paramilitary groups renounce Good Friday agreement", "NI riots: What is behind the violence in Northern Ireland? [74], On 3 May 2007, following recent negotiations between the Progressive Unionist Party (PUP) and Irish Taoiseach Bertie Ahern and with Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) Chief Constable Sir Hugh Orde, the UVF made a statement that they would transform to a "non-military, civilianised" organisation. Read about our approach to external linking. 2023 BBC. This collection contains Gusty Spence's personal and business correspondence from 1959-1998, the bulk of which was written during . "Shortly after he was jailed, Gusty, after a period of reflection on his own life, quickly started to challenge other loyalists coming into prison to reflect on their own lives.". Call now: (562) 579-5980. "[140], Protestants in Canada also supported the loyalist paramilitaries in the conflict. "The untouchable informers facing exposure at last". The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Ever Loved makes it easy to compare funeral homes, funeral parlors and mortuaries, so you can find the best fit. The 78-year-old died in hospital at the weekend after a long illness. Formed in 1965,[7] it first emerged in 1966. "Sunningdale pushed hard-liners into fatal outrages in 1974". It comprises high-ranking officers under a Chief of Staff or Brigadier-General. [76][77][78], In January 2008, the UVF was accused of involvement in vigilante action against alleged criminals in Belfast. Accueil / Non class / gusty spence funeral; 15 Sep 0. gusty spence funeral . Loyalists were successful in importing arms into Northern Ireland. Hanna and Jackson have both been implicated by journalist Joe Tiernan and RUC Special Patrol Group (SPG) officer John Weir as having led one of the units that bombed Dublin. "The Dublin and Monaghan bombings: Cover-up and incompetence". [116], Like the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), the UVF's modus operandi involved assassinations, mass shootings, bombings and kidnappings. For an online, self-service experience, please visit: During the riot, UVF members shot dead RUC officer Victor Arbuckle. The arms are thought to have consisted of: The UVF used this new infusion of arms to escalate their campaign of sectarian assassinations. [43] David Ervine and Billy Hutchinson were among the other UVF men imprisoned in the mid-1970s to become disciples of Spence. Read about our approach to external linking. Sociologist Steven Bruce described the support networks in Canada as "the main source of support for loyalism outside the United Kingdom . Of course, the UVF had a big role to play, with a masked Geordie Orr (another pivotal UVF figure notable by his absence from the book) and others . Read about our approach to external linking. He was the first RUC officer to be killed during the Troubles. We are heavily armed Protestants dedicated to this cause. [58], The UVF's nickname is "Blacknecks", derived from their uniform of black polo neck jumper, black trousers, black leather jacket, black forage cap, along with the UVF badge and belt. After his release December 1984, Spence was a key figure in developing UVF thinking and indirectly its political wing, the Progressive Unionist Party. These attacks were stepped up in the late 1980s and early 1990s, particularly in the east Tyrone and north Armagh areas. The chip shop has since been closed down. Wednesday, 15 February 2023 | 10.2 . In the 1960s, he founded the modern Ulster Volunteer Force, an organisation which was responsible for hundreds of sectarian murders during the Troubles. Mr Lynch died following a brief illness. House of Commons: Northern Ireland Affairs Committee, Cusack & McDonald, p.3435, 105, 199, 205, The Lost Lives, David McKittrick, Page 1475, Last edited on 28 February 2023, at 06:47, Timeline of Ulster Volunteer Force actions, protests throughout Northern Ireland, some of which became violent, Provisional IRA campaign 1969-1997 Loyalists and the IRA killing and reprisals, Republic of Ireland national football team, Independent International Commission on Decommissioning, "Report drawn up on behalf of the Political Affairs Committee on the situation in Northern Ireland", https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TfGe4WO8yok, "Sutton Index of Deaths: Organisation responsible for the death", "Sutton Index of Deaths: Crosstabulations", "Inside the UVF: Money, murders and mayhem - the loyalist gang's secrets unveiled", "UVF mural on Shankill Road being investigated by police", "UVF 'behind racist attacks in south and east Belfast'", Chronology of Key Events in Irish History, 1800 to 1967, "Irish tighten security after Dublin bombing", "Call for probe of British link to 1974 bombs", "Collusion in the South Armagh / Mid Ulster Area in the mid-1970's". The statement also included a warning that activities could "provoke another generation of loyalists toward armed resistance". [53] Spence, a talented footballer in his youth with Old Lodge F.C., was a lifelong supporter of Linfield F.C. On 18 June 1994, UVF members machine-gunned a pub in the Loughinisland massacre in County Down, on the basis that its customers were watching the Republic of Ireland national football team playing in the World Cup on television and were therefore assumed to be Catholics. [79], In 2008, a loyalist splinter group calling itself the "Real UVF" emerged briefly to make threats against Sinn Fin in County Fermanagh. Ontario is to Ulster Protestants what Boston is to Irish Catholics." Mr Spence said last night he was an eternal optimist" where the present situation in the North was concerned. [16] Because of his military experience, Spence was chosen as the military commander and public face of the UVF when the group was established. [11] During the conflict, its deadliest attack in Northern Ireland was the 1971 McGurk's Bar bombing, which killed fifteen civilians. [19] Spence later wrote "at the time, the attitude was that if you couldn't get an IRA man you should shoot a Taig, he's your last resort". He was jailed for life for the murder of a Catholic barman in 1966 and served 18 years in prison. Two of those later convicted (James McDowell and Thomas Crozier) were also serving members of the Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR), a part-time, locally recruited regiment of the British Army. Two UVF men were accidentally blown up in this attack. RT 2023. [151][152] Between 1979 to 1986, Canadian supporters supplied the UVF/UDA with 100 machine guns and thousands of rifles, grenade launchers, magnum revolvers, and hundreds of thousands of rounds of ammunition. [35], In January 1970, the UVF began bombing Catholic-owned businesses in Protestant areas of Belfast. The Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) is an Ulster loyalist paramilitary group. [20], In October 1966, Spence was sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of Ward, although Spence has always claimed he was innocent. [151][152] These shipments were considered enough for the UVF/UDA to wage its campaign, most of which were used to kill its victims. [8], Spence took various manual jobs in the area until joining the British Army in 1957 as a member of the Royal Ulster Rifles. Video, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story, Harry and Meghan told to 'vacate' Frogmore Cottage, Rare Jurassic-era bug found at Arkansas Walmart, Dozens of girls treated after new Iran poisonings, Prince Andrew offered Frogmore Cottage - reports, China and Belarus call for peace in Ukraine, Beer and wine sales in Canada fall to all-time low, Man survives 31 days in jungle by eating worms, Havana Syndrome unlikely to have hostile cause - US. The coffin, covered with the flag of the Ulster Rifles and his beret, of former UVF leader Gusty Spence passes a UVF mural along the Shankill Road in Belfast after his funeral at St Michael's Church. [115] They always signed their statements with the fictitious name "Captain William Johnston". [92], During the Belfast City Hall flag protests of 201213, senior UVF members were confirmed to have actively been involved in orchestrating violence and rioting against the PSNI and the Alliance Party throughout Northern Ireland during the weeks of disorder. [101], In April 2021, riots erupted across Loyalist communities in Northern Ireland.[relevant? [10] Whatever the truth of this intelligence, Gusty Spence's Shankill UVF team was made up of only around 12 men on its formation. In line with Mr Spences wishes, his coffin was draped with the flag of the Royal Ulster Rifles, the British army regiment in which he served for six years before he joined the UVF in the 1960s. Augustus Andrew "Gusty" Spence (28 June 1933 [2] - 25 September 2011) was a leader of the paramilitary Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and a leading loyalist politician in Northern Ireland. [56] The UVF's activities in the last years of the decade were increasingly being curtailed by the number of UVF members who were sent to prison. Gusty Spence (1933-2011) was a Loyalist paramilitary volunteer, a founding member and early leader of the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF). He then became involved in politics and announced the landmark loyalist paramilitary ceasefires in 1994. [127] A British Army report released in 2006 estimated a peak membership of 1,000. [3] Spence was the sixth of seven children, their birth order being Billy, Cassie, Jim, Bobby, Ned junior, Gusty and Lily. [155], Billy Wright, the commander of the UVF Mid-Ulster Brigade, is believed to have started dealing drugs in 1991[156] as a lucrative sideline to paramilitary murder. There were no paramilitary trappings as mourners carried the coffin of the loyalist leader. Human error to blame for train crash - Greek PM, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. Images Courtesy of Getty Images. One of the first UVF members to be convicted of murder, Spence was a senior figure in the organisation for over a decade. He later became involved in politics and announced the landmark loyalist paramilitary ceasefires in 1994. [55] The hawks had been ousted by those in the UVF who were unhappy with their political and military strategy. Gusty Spence, who died over the weekend, was a paramilitary godfather in Northern Ireland and one of the founding figures of the UVF, but was also among the first to recognise the need for peace. Fire also engulfed the house next door, killing the elderly Protestant widow, Matilda Gould (77), who lived there. In October, UVF and UPV member Thomas McDowell was killed by the bomb he was planting at Ballyshannon power station. A controlled explosion was carried out and the bomb was later declared a hoax. Thousands of families, mostly Catholics, were forced to flee their homes and refugee camps were set up in the Republic of Ireland. The latter had formally asked Spence for his daughter's hand in marriage during a prison visit. "FIFTH REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT MONITORING COMMISSION", Select Committee on Northern Ireland Affairs - Part One: The continuing threat from paramilitary organisations, "Inside story: Why the IRA never attacked Scotland", "Revealed: how Scots loyalists sent gelignite to paramilitaries. Read about our approach to external linking. Is UVFs Beast in the East behind new wave of riots? Save up to 70% with our image packs Pre-pay for multiple images and download on demand. Gusty Spence, who has died aged 78, was the . At his funeral yesterday, Mr Spence said he was not there to deify Mr Lynch, whom he described as "a simple man but a wealthy one in terms of his friends and his love for his country". "He was really a role model for many young men who would follow.". In the 1960s, he founded the Ulster Volunteer Force, which was responsible for hundreds of murders during the Troubles. It would continue these tactics for the rest of its campaign. [24] On 21 May, the group issued a statement: From this day, we declare war against the Irish Republican Army and its splinter groups. From that time until the early 1990s the Mid-Ulster Brigade was led by Robin "the Jackal" Jackson, who then passed the leadership to Billy Wright. It issued a statement vowing to "remove republican elements from loyalist areas" and stop them "reaping financial benefit therefrom". Reverend Chris Hudson, who helped broker contacts between loyalist paramilitaries and the Irish government, said that aspect of the statement was significant. Another loyalist paramilitary organisation called Ulster Resistance was formed on 10 November 1986. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. [153], The UVF have been implicated in drug dealing in areas from where they draw their support. A number of friends and family members spoke at the service at St Michael's Church of Ireland on the Shankill Road. [67] According to Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN), the UVF killed 17 active and four former republican paramilitaries. Spence said loyalists offered "abject and true remorse" to the loved ones of all the innocent victims of the Troubles. [53] These men had overthrown the "hawkish" officers, who had called for a "big push", which meant an increase in violent attacks, earlier in the same month. This era also saw a more widespread targeting on the UVF's part of IRA and Sinn Fin members, beginning with the killing of senior IRA member Larry Marley[62] and a failed attempt on the life of a leading republican which left three Catholic civilians dead. Spence now argued that UVF members were soldiers and soldiers should not kill civilians, as had been the case at McGurk's Bar. Speaking from his home in Belfast last night, Mr Spence said he had become acquainted with Mr Lynch three or four years ago. RT is not responsible for the content of external internet sites. '[159], The UVF's satellite organisation, the Red Hand Commando, was described by the IMC in 2004 as "heavily involved" in drug dealing. [71], On 14 September 2005, following serious loyalist rioting during which dozens of shots were fired at riot police and the British Army the Northern Ireland Secretary Peter Hain announced that the British government no longer recognised the UVF ceasefire. [25], Spence appealed against his conviction and was the subject of a release petition organised by the Ulster Constitution Defence Committee, although nothing came of either initiative. In 1972, five Toronto businessmen shipped weapons in grain container ships out of Halifax, bound for ports in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland which were destined for loyalist militants. In October 1975, after staging a counter-coup, the Brigade Staff acquired a new leadership of moderates with Tommy West serving as the Chief of Staff. Bates was born into an Ulster Protestant family and grew up in the Shankill Road area of Belfast.He had a criminal record dating back to 1966, and later became a member of the Ulster loyalist paramilitary organisation, the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF). Sun 25 Sep 2011 13.46 EDT. He lived to see the end of The Troubles and a power-sharing administration in place at Stormont but with no presence from the group he represented. In May 1966, the UVF issued a statement, announcing that it was declaring war on the IRA. Birgen, Julia. He was jailed for life for the murder of a Catholic barman in 1966 and served 18 years in prison. [27] Spence appointed Samuel McClelland as UVF Chief of Staff in his stead. [129] Another estimates that over a 30-year period women accounted for, at most, just 2% of UVF membership. As a PUP representative he took a principal role in delivering the loyalist ceasefires of 1994. Known IRA men will be executed mercilessly and without hesitation. Another former PUP leader, Dawn Purvis, said Spence's opinions began to shift sooner than is generally perceived. It claimed the pubs were used for republican fundraising. The Reverend Martin Smyth was influential in Spence' being thrown out the Orange Order. Brian Ervine said: "His contribution to the peace is incalculable and without him, probably the paramilitaries would still be at war. [17], On 7 May 1966, a group of UVF men led by Spence petrol bombed a Catholic-owned pub on the Shankill Road. 206, 207, Ed Moloney, Secret History of the IRA, p.321, "Voices From the Grave:Two Men's War in Ireland" Ed Moloney, Faber & Faber, 2010 pp 417. [121][122] The UVF did not return to regular bombings until the early 1990s when it obtained a quantity of the mining explosive Powergel. [6] He was also a member of the Church Lads' Brigade, a Church of Ireland group and the Junior Orange Order. In keeping with his wishes,. The UVF very clearly have involvement in drug dealing, all forms of gangsterism, serious assaults, intimidation of the community. [149] It is estimated that the UVF nevertheless received hundreds of thousands of pounds in donations to its Loyalist Prisoners Welfare Association. [18][19] Some members have also been found responsible for orchestrating a series of racist attacks. He was shot dead by the IRA in November 1982, four months after his release from the Maze Prison. What's he waiting for? The funeral of 78-year-old Gusty Spence, the former leader of the UVF paramilitary organisation, has taken place in Belfast. [citation needed] There were also reports that UVF members fired shots at police lines during a protest. Gusty Spence was a significant figure in loyalist Belfast for most of his life. The gang comprised, in addition to the UVF, rogue elements of the UDR, RUC, SPG, and the regular Army, all acting allegedly under the direction of the British Intelligence Corps and/or RUC Special Branch. Former UVF leader Gusty Spence (right) announced the loyalist ceasefires in 1994 THE Ulster Volunteer Force was outlawed after two Catholic men and a Protestant pensioner were killed by the. [151] On 10 February 1976, following the sudden uptick of violence against Catholic civilians by loyalist militants, Irish cardinal William Conway and nine other Catholic bishops met with British Prime Minister Harold Wilson and his cabinet, asking them as to where the loyalist militants had acquired guns, to which Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Merlyn Rees replied "Canada". [26], On 26 June, the group shot dead a Catholic civilian and wounded two others as they left a pub on Malvern Street, Belfast. An article published by the newspaper fingered Wright as a drug lord and sectarian murderer. Tributes were paid to former leading loyalist paramilitary turned peacemaker Gusty Spence at his funeral in Belfast today. The no-warning car bombings had been carried out by units from the Belfast and Mid-Ulster brigades. Instead his coffin was adorned with the beret and regimental flag of the Royal Ulster Rifles, his former regiment. Video, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. Gusty Spence was a significant figure in loyalist Belfast for most of . [29], On 12 August 1969, the "Battle of the Bogside" began in Derry. These included the Miami Showband killings of 31 July 1975 when three members of the popular showband were killed, having been stopped at a fake British Army checkpoint outside Newry in County Down. Read about our approach to external linking. [60], In the 1980s, the UVF was greatly reduced by a series of police informers. [131] The UVF has also been involved in the extortion of legitimate businesses, although to a lesser extent than the UDA,[138] and was described in the fifth IMC report as being involved in organised crime. Augustus Andrew Spence (28 June 1933 [2] - 25 September 2011) was a leader of the paramilitary Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and a leading loyalist politician in Northern Ireland. 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