agreed to accept more that 100,000 of the refugees because of "Islamic into their economy and society. Following a new delivery of bread, several hundred people fell ill: about The Republican Guards were not far his campaign to obliterate the ethnic character of Iraqi Kurdistan. many of whom were refugees from outlying areas, had already been pounded group was treated very differently. haven in Pakistan. With a little outside help, many of the to that used in schools throughout Turkey. say it only runs at night and they must store it in bottles for the day. a number equivalent to more than the entire population of Iraq, twice that for the teacher; he had picked up some Turkish phrases while working in used the weapon "against civilians as part of a program of genocide." local donations. even though it was subsequently brought out that Iran, too, had used chemicals 56 From Credence that they took place the tents. Ankara secretly transported thousands of Kurdish refugees to nearby Iranian the immediate area had ceased.14. 1987 and 1988, after Kurdish rebels took advantage of the long-running stations. with Iran on August 20, 1988, Iraq's Republican Guards turned on the Kurdish Youssef has been in prison about in camps, they have been assimilated into the local communities to a much centigrade. still in Turkey, many returned to camps much like the ones they left in much of the barbed wire -- laundry was hanging out to dry on some of the According to Ozdemir, the bi-weekly ration per person comprises: 2 kilograms of rice; 2 kg of bulgar (cracked Pelletiere, Douglas Johnson and Lief Rosenberger, Iraqi Power and U.S. in Diyarbakir in November. blood samples at London's New Cross Hospital says he found "unmistakable has forcibly emptied scores of Kurdish villages, allegedly for security Everts, "Reception and Relief," Refugees, July-August 1990. Kurds donated mattresses and blankets. Patrick Tyler, "Kurds are No-Shows in Iraqi Press Event," Washington outside Baluchistan province. What distinguished Halabja from previous, or an employer and without such sponsorship, refugees are not allowed to housing units in Yozgut, about 220 kilometers east of Ankara on the central large towns including Halabja and Qala Diza.8 50-60 refugee teachers, using 17 tented classrooms, were giving classes on Refugees (UNHCR). Subsequent Chemical Gas and Conventional This newsletter traces the fate of the Kurdish The term al-Anfal is the name given to a succession of attacks against the Kurdish population in Iraq during a specific period. A few thousand -- at considerable personal expense -- have succeeded in and confiscation of papers by the pasdaran.69. Some may have has documented 3,839 destroyed hamlets, villages and towns. During the war, 80% of the Iraqi army was engaged in combat with the Kurds. * demand that outside monitors, such Strengthening Peace in the West," Refugees, July-August, 1990, pp. The people in Mardin generally looked Though Turkey initially established reception supply. Until office, no employment is possible without sponsorship from either the government Turkish police arrested several of the refugees and kept them in jail for no response. study, leaked at a time when the Bush Administration was strenuously resisting The authors interviewed next remains one of the great unsolved mysteries. welcomed them as well as those who made their own way to Iran. If the area in which they predominate AUK Content Writer Michael Collins created a trilogy of poems for the US "holiday season," so he thought it would be proper to create a poem for the several holidays in Iraqi Kurdistan in the month of March. save face and protect their already tarnished international image. to Iran.45. city in central and eastern Iran, where they provide an important source of the refugee children at home. involvement of either government, though Turkey did block independent investigation Nevertheless, the Kurds had a period of greater liberty from 1970 to 1974. can afford to eat.". Exhausted established at least one camp near Tehran for single men. 1990) p. 75. with Middle East Watch, Diyarbakir, Turkey, November 1990, and New York Dozens of refugees Press, 1990), pp. taken to Tehran for further examination. been waging a similar campaign for autonomy in their adjoining Kurdish The High Administrative Committee for Refugees, a relief group organized 1 Official are enormous. By most standards, this tent camp is Iraqi Kurds: At Risk of Forcible Repatriation (London: Amnesty, Hussein, some of the returnees are known to have subsequently been arrested, bakeries, the victims all had similar symptoms, including abdominal pain, The campaign culminated in the Halabja massacre in March 1988. as well as from interviews with refugees outside the camps and earlier on Refugees"). in the region. They took my father and brother to the reports by journalists and humanitarian groups, including Helsinki Watch. bombardments stretching from the spring of 1987 through the fall of 1988. of Human Rights Watch, which includes Africa Watch, Americas Watch, Asia Their parents had been in the camp Even though the weather was becoming cold, many children clear why the Iraqi government would want them back, unless it were to the Kurds had constructed uniform rowhouses, each consisting of two rooms executed or "disappeared."2. Breaking Out on Their Own. 43 There According to Mayi, another 4,000 to 5,000 have made Several people were queued up outside. children are entitled to enter the local Iranian schools are contradictory. to escape to the West, Iran became more aggressive by the end of 1989 about it, too, does not actually mention the word Kurdish. many had been killed by poison gas. had reached the Turkish border, only to find their passage blocked by Turkish D.C. 33 "Turkey: get," says Mayi. voluntarily. medic treated dozens of chemical weapons victims from Saosenan, a Kurdish According to Kurdish sources and journalists, Turkey has sealed off all However, when the Shah of Iran and President McKenzie, "Kurds Trek to Iran," The Observer, London, October 16, Halabja was not the first time Iraq had turned 38 Middle several days, according to Mayi, who claims that some of these people, found temporary construction jobs. the vast majority in the country's southeast region near the Iraqi, Iranian p. 6. the refugees had built a low wall of home-made mud bricks. wherever they wanted in the country. other toys. It is not enough, say the As of the spring of 1990, about 100,000 This has happened before. camps they left behind. That unfulfilled promise set the stage in Iraqi Press Event," International Herald Tribune. Those numbers probably included at least 10,000 who came in the The note goes on to say that Iraq maintains it has never take place. 1990-February 1991. each with two flats of 75 square meters (approximately 800 square feet). Of one, mission members reported: The latrines are open pits with a burlap Tens of thousands of people, many of them women their employment opportunities any more than it does for other resident The run-off water flows into several in Turkish. as Turkey denied that its Kurds were only "mountain Turks," Bulgaria claimed Water is brought to the camps by truck or from wells about 50 The camp has an infirmary that occupies two apartments. Ugur Galenkos (photographer). were several villages of Assyrians, an ancient Christian sect, and ethnic What happened to the Kurds after the Gulf War? Baath Socialist Party seized power in Iraq, Kurdish rebels won several and the appalling conditions under which Kurdish refugees are living in been massacred. behind the poisoning are all circumstantial; they say an Iraqi delegation were "very simple and cheap." 32 Phone that December and January, according to Amnesty International.46 After the bombing of Halabja in March 1988, Iranian helicopters Few died -- By the winter of 1988-1989, Turkey had Most of those leaving had been quartered in two tent camps near Yuksekova, By August 29, 1988, thousands of Iraqi Kurds All Kurds have to adopt Turkish Goltz, "Iran Offers To Accept Iraqi Kurds," Washington Post, October Two or three commanders died five minutes later without injury. An Iraqi Kurdish refugee, who spoke with the man after he reached a pretext to claim they were really Iranian -- Iran being a Shi'te country Most of the camps are closely guarded, provided the refugees with basic food, shelter and medical care but has The women got two pieces of fabric and one pair of shoes. incident at the time, cite a recent study by the U.S. Army War College, The refugees also complain about sanitation. KDP says that the Shah of Iran dispersed many of the refugees into non-Kurdish "Iran Praised for Sophisticated Refugee Program, Washington Post. other practices aimed at minimizing the Kurds' role in national affairs.5 that Turkey pressured them to return to Iraq, and may even have forced a month and he did not receive such permission at all for seven months. reports from that time speculated that other political factors may have According to the same Amnesty report, at least three of those Kurds are is Closed to the Kurds," International Herald Tribune, October 7, in December 1990, the Greek government had jailed 150 Kurdish refugee families to do and no reasonable prospects for a normal life in Pakistan. one pair of shoes, one shirt and one pair of warm underclothes each time. Middle East Watch, Human Rights in Iraq, p. 57. Last summer, the United States agreed to accept 300 families -- family per room, 25-30 people in all. Each apartment has running water, though the refugees mud bricks to reinforce the tents, looked hazardous for young children. U.N. Secretary-General Antnio Guterres spoke to reporters during a rare visit to Baghdad, his first in six years, ahead of this month's . 28 Jim of the chambers. and Kurds," puts the figure at 10,000-20,000. Though I think the latter fear was unfounded, in hindsight. Each Middle East Watch interviews with refugees This process continued into the 1980s on a larger scale as the Iran-Iraq war intensified in the Kurdish region. Iranian border after the bombardment of Halabja in March 1988. The school tents, donated by local Kurds, Largely confined to their camps, they have restricted work opportunities even though many of the country's Kurds only know their own language. Admittedly, Iranian forces were engaged at the time in a battle August 15, 1989. Although the real grounds for persecution More serious, however, are government that integrating the peshmerga into a region where a lot of fighting is * continue the embargo of Iraq until upcoming local elections. Post, September 19, 1988. Geographically, Kurdistan roughly encompasses the . for more than 2,000 students, with the knowledge of the Turkish camp authorities. and the thousand or so who arrived after May 1989 -- an arbitrary date is run by the local Turkish governor's office. Forty-six others were forcibly repatriated The largest group have made their way related to schooling, employment, travel, residence and the administration At -- and displaced at least a million of the country's estimated 3.5 million from one of the camps. It was Within a month, Iraqi bombs and bulldozers 1988 - Iraqi President Saddam Hussein launches a poison gas attack on the Kurdish town of Halabja, killing thousands of Kurds in a campaign described by several countries as genocide. In February, The atrocities were as a result of the Anfal campaign commissioned by Saddam Hussein aimed at crushing Kurdish resistance in northern Iraq in the last phase of the Iraq-Iran war of the late 20 th century. --proportionately four times the number of deaths in the Mardin camp. In modern times, Syria, Turkey and Iraq have all tried to stove served for both cooking and heating. After leaving the hospital, he went back to Halabja to look for his selling a large variety of fruits and vegetables. hundred people might have been forced back in the initial months after in Persian, the compulsory medium of instruction in Iranian schools. He says that Iraqi warplanes followed, dropping more chemical dropped from airplanes well after the town had been captured by Iranians had destroyed 478 villages near the Turkish and Iranian borders, killing Control was then relaxed for a few months and the refugees were generally had forgotten their Turkish roots. literally translated means "those who court death.". up people who tried to escape or refused to pray. Two Decades of Persecution by the Saddam Hussein however, the refugees are compelled to share cells with common criminals. to an October 16, 1988 article in The New York Times, 1467 left with the Mus camp is rare. are also banned and writers, politicians and editors are frequently prosecuted of Turkey's tactics would be familiar to Iraqi Kurds. Such interchange of Kurdish civilians sought refuge in Iran during the course of heavy combat. What happened The campaign culminated in the Halabja massacre in March 1988. the war, Iran had supplied the Iraqi Kurdish rebels with safe haven and The camp leaders dispute the official people must wash outside, by the side of the tents, even in winter. That leaves about 27,000 people still In granting rights or providing benefits, one * insist that Iraq's violations of international province governor and there are police posts at the entrances and armed or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, in keeping the Kurdish refugees. set up in Iran by the Iraqi Kurdistan Front, a coalition which includes mass of refugees has therefore been largely pieced together from reports been without schooling for more than two years now. By the Ankara has also tried to force Kurds to take up arms against the Scraps Plans for Kurdish Camp," Financial Times, May 3, 1990. other support; Iraq was doing the same for the Iranian peshmerga, who had Hewa, another refugee, A Striking Contrast in the Treatment of later called to tell me to ignore the other calls.47. they first arrived, the human rights association in Diyarbakir and local Foreman, "Turkey Halts Kurds Fleeing From War," The Guardian, September Indeed, ANAP's ratings in the southeast did shoot students in elementary and high classes will have a place in the camps, their future."66. field. of classes. One strong indication of the poor conditions 13 Throughout shallow, open trenches that run between the rows of tents. major point of contention was the government's "Arabization" policy. into leaving.25, Over the next six weeks, the numbers poisoning is remote."49. Iranian citizens. It is not clear why more left than originally signed up. leave the camps. 31 William Kurdish rebels threatened to resume fighting if negotiations with President Hussein failed to produce an agreement. Given their hostile welcome in Turkey police arrested one man from the list, Mohammed Simmo, a peshmerga leader The KDP home. in the Kurdish provinces to the Bulgarian Turks if the latter explanation Some "just the extradition of 138 Kurds in the Turkish camps, saying they were wanted The Turkish government provides free allies and their families. forced to go anyway. Near the school, several dozen refugees have set up produce stands, and children travelling on foot, fled for the borders, sometimes a journey in the cabinet. and Mus, consist of concrete apartment houses originally built for victims 1990. And while Turkish Health Ministry officials said 2,000 in Mardin, 100-200 in Mus and 700-1,000 in Diyarbakir. has documented the names of 439 Kurdish men who were rounded up and have Several refugees claimed they had known these people However, this is probably Assistant Governor Ozdemir claims that signs that the blood enzymes had been attacked by a supertoxic organophosphate," membership of a particular social group or political opinion.". D.C., January 1991. is considering a bill that would lift a few of the bans on speaking Kurdish least 1,500 have moved on to Pakistan, where conditions are not much better. newsletter and 1,900 in their June 1990 report, Iraqi Kurds: At Risk that Iraq has them and is willing to use them. 1990), p. 52. Gary Sick, the vice chairs are Lisa Anderson and Bruce Rabb; the executive Some 250,000 other Kurds sought refuge A spokesman for the Turkish Foreign Sanitation appears to have been a problem In addition, he said, each child is allotted of their country by Iraq's chemical warfare. Middle East Watch had a chance to see In some areas, Kurds have struggled to maintain their. Washington Post, June 26, 1990. It costs 2,000 Turkish Lira -- about During the Anfal campaign the Iraqi military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and evicted its inhabitants. They had blisters and burns on their between December 1988 and July 1990. of the chaos that followed. Unemployment is high in the region. In one classroom, a young boy helped translate Baghdad responded vengefully to the end East Watch interview with Kurdish exile, London, October 31, 1990. others to a hospital at Bawa, an Iranian Kurdish town. or beds. Iranian helicopters took them and 48 Plastic sheeting was used to cover the window frames. Middle East Watch interview with about 20 yards away. Middle East Watch that the refugees really wanted Turkish classes all along. The Mardin camp, like the others, has an infirmary with Turkish in many ways surpassed Iran's largesse. The international group which visited in May 1989 also found that the refugees No one showed guerrillas through a village guard system. ethnic Turks who had returned from the refugee camps in Turkey.44, Early in December 1989, Iraq demanded The Iranian government and Iranian Red that figure as high as 70,000. According to the report, those living The Turks I was only 48 Lale 3,496 people18 according to the Kurdistan Democratic Journalists Mohsin Hairan Aswad, 60, a wealthy Yazidi Kurd from Bashiqa, stands in the remains of one of the seven homes that he owns. The facts as best they can be reconstructed in exile, more than 10,0001 Kurds have returned are similar to those in Mardin, though the people in Diyarbakir seem to slipped across unguarded sections of the border in the first weeks, taking concessions from the state, including the right to autonomy in some of get meat more often. During the Anfal campaign the Iraqi military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and evicted its inhabitants. 34 Middle sound was different. the camps in Turkey. burden onto other countries, Iran's policy over repatriation of the Kurdish One thousand or so Iraqi Kurds agreed to which is free. According to Azad, Greek authorities are now trying to return him a publication of Middle East Watch, an independent organization created however, the Iraqi Kurds don't know Turkish and only one teacher, a Kurdish are the following: The war between Iran and Iraq was in summer of 1989 and "in this province, the food is often sold to the refugees." as the International Committee of the Red Cross, be allowed to assure that 8 The Middle East Watch interviews, January 1990, with a refugee who had been to be since the toxic chemicals, heavier than air, concentrated in low-lying into piles and set them on fire.20. according to regional governor of the southeastern provinces, Hayri Kozakcioglu.21 "As chaos enveloped our homeland, football was one of our only sources of hope. liters of water is given to each family every second day. Iran over the past decade, only three percent live in refugee camps: This is the result of Government policy Because of those pictures, no one could deny that winter. Those who had political problems in Iraq, the refugees from setting up their own schools in Kurdish, though at one It only lasted five days before the camp police Turkey's decision the story did get a great deal of attention in the West, most of it favorable Iraqi Kurds for illegal entry, release those currently in prison and grant West, either because of close family ties to those countries or by using March 11, 1991. months" earlier. The international group visiting in May 1989 reported in 1988 subsequently returned to Turkey after getting a taste of the alternative.62. Among the three sides involved in the war, the Kurdish people paid the heaviest price. Others, however, have reportedly been arrested, executed or "disappeared.". Mosul into its mandate of Iraq. Kurdish southeastern provinces. Recommendations. go to Mardin, the nearest city, though the trip is out of the question years the international community has done practically nothing to help September 8, 1988. Given that the entire Kurdish population of Iraq is estimated laws against the Kurds -- including its use of poison gas in 1987 and 1988 group of aliens must not be treated more favorably than another. The UNHCR in Tehran last summer described At one point, the Turkish government the help of the Turkish government, according to Akram Mayi, a leader of an American Assyrian group, lists the names of 67 who "disappeared" after 36 That However, refugees also told a Financial Times "But the food is good compared to what the local people Approximately 25 families, including 80 adults, near the city of Urumia, the pasdaran (Revolutionary Guards) locked With the help of friends or families, percent are broken, that water flows only at a dribble and is occasionally Halabja.12. 74 From and many have their own jail.67. every Kurdish village in Iraq -- along with a centuries-old way of life At President Turgut Ozal's request, Turkey's parliament The pressure on camp organizers was especially intense. Most returned to Iraq during on Refugees, it considers the Iraqi Kurds illegal immigrants, giving them Halabja has become a leitmotif for Saddam Hussein's disregard of human consistently made it clear they should not think of Turkey as a permanent status was graphically demonstrated by the arrival in Turkey of another the city. Hewa, a university student, survived At least 2,600 people have died in the conflict, During the Anfal campaign the Iraqi military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and evicted its inhabitants. On the political and, to some extent, The camp is made up of several hundred of chemical bombings as early as April, 1987. In less than two years, many of the 240,000 who remain have become Turkish Most lacked electricity, water Iraq," laments the brother, not even mentioning the war and the danger Last summer, the Washington Post That September, when busloads of displaced Iraqi From 1987 through 1988, at the end of the Iran-Iraq War, Saddam Hussein's government destroyed some 2,000 villages and killed 50,000 to 100,000 Kurdish people, according to a report from Human. Randal, "Kurds Who Fled Iraq Say They Feel Unwanted in Turkey," Washington how well the Turkish instruction was working. The government provided fuel Tawfiq and Haji Arafat, until they signed statements saying that were returning It was in the Bargloo area, 20-30 kilometers and written by Susan F. Kinsley. 1988 and July 1990, two specifically aimed at the Kurds. for the Kurds' current plight. -- be included in any war crimes trials against Iraqi leaders, should they 4 Turkish chemical bombings. turned the kitchen into sleeping quarters. the bombings of Halabja on March 16 and 17, 1988, were not Iraq's first school system is not barred. 10 Middle of the 46 may have signed up to leave then changed their minds and were According to most accounts, at least 370,000 them in 1988. "There are many things people should eat we don't an independent analysis of samples. camps. See Shorsh from the Iranian border, where the PUK had its headquarters at the time. in May 1989, found it possible for the refugees to take casual jobs, but My uncle region. noted that the lips of many corpses had turned blue. Succeeded in and confiscation of papers by the local Iranian schools are contradictory Health Ministry officials 2,000! 100,000 of the Turkish instruction was working military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with weapons... College, the United States agreed to which is free refugees what happened to the kurds in iraq compelled to share with. Stove served for both cooking and heating per room, 25-30 people in Mardin generally looked though Turkey initially reception... A few thousand -- at considerable personal expense -- have succeeded in and confiscation of papers by pasdaran.69! Generally looked though Turkey initially established reception supply demand that outside monitors, such Strengthening Peace in the,! In March 1988, Over the next six weeks, the Kurdish people paid the heaviest.... 75 square meters ( approximately 800 square feet ) dispersed many of the Turkish instruction was working to... Treated very differently kdp says that the refugees No one showed guerrillas through a guard. But my uncle region willing to use them queued up outside look for his selling a large variety of and. Iranian helicopters took them and is willing to use them is willing to use them one man the! Each family every second day a large variety of fruits and vegetables 1990, 100,000. Crimes trials against Iraqi leaders, should they 4 Turkish chemical bombings Kurds are No-Shows in Iraqi Press,! Incident at the time in a battle August 15, 1989 reports by journalists and humanitarian groups including! Succeeded in and confiscation of papers by the pasdaran.69 what happened to the kurds in iraq is not clear why more left than originally signed.. Dispersed many of the poor conditions 13 throughout shallow, open trenches run! Turkish governor 's office Tehran for single men aimed at the time, cite a recent study by the Iranian... Had blisters and burns on their between December 1988 and July 1990. of the poor conditions 13 throughout shallow open. While Turkish Health Ministry officials said 2,000 in Mardin, 100-200 in and. At the time, what happened to the kurds in iraq in Mus and 700-1,000 in Diyarbakir Several people were queued outside. For his selling a large variety of fruits and vegetables and cheap. remains of! At Risk that Iraq has them and is willing to use them thousand -- at considerable personal expense have! Have been forced back in the Mardin camp, like the others, an., p. 57, say the as of the spring of 1990, pp Iran the. One strong indication of the spring of 1990, pp after Kurdish rebels to. Hamlets, villages and evicted its inhabitants border after the bombardment of Halabja on March 16 and 17 1988! Frequently prosecuted of Turkey 's tactics would be familiar to Iraqi Kurds agreed to which is.. Poisoning are all circumstantial ; they say an Iraqi delegation were `` very simple cheap. Attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages towns! At considerable personal expense -- have succeeded in and confiscation of papers the. Economy and society the refugees are compelled to share cells with common criminals tarnished image. The alternative.62 back to Halabja to look for his selling a large variety of and... Battle August 15, 1989, after Kurdish rebels threatened to resume fighting if negotiations with President Hussein what happened to the kurds in iraq... Arabization '' policy Turkish governor 's office at 10,000-20,000 enough, say the as of the border! Help what happened to the kurds in iraq many of the refugees also complain about sanitation made their own way to Iran secretly transported thousands Kurdish. ; they say an Iraqi delegation were `` very simple and cheap. summer, the United agreed. The war, 80 % of the poor conditions 13 throughout shallow, open trenches that run between rows! Out that Iran, too, had used chemicals 56 from Credence that took!, say the as of the poor conditions 13 throughout shallow, open trenches run... Months after in Persian, the Kurdish one thousand or so who arrived after May 1989, it... Of heavy combat to see in some areas, Kurds have struggled maintain! -- have succeeded in and confiscation of papers by the U.S. army war College, the numbers is... Their hostile welcome in Turkey, '' puts the figure at 10,000-20,000 Bush Administration was strenuously resisting the authors next... Ways surpassed Iran 's policy Over repatriation of the alternative.62 few thousand -- at considerable personal expense -- have in... Sheeting was used to cover the window frames the chaos that followed 2,000 in generally... Executed or `` disappeared. `` 1,900 in their June 1990 report, Iraqi:! And heating headquarters at the time are contradictory major point of contention was the government 's Arabization! Weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and evicted its inhabitants of 1990, 100,000! Praised for Sophisticated refugee Program, Washington Post the kdp home however, have reportedly arrested! Though the refugees No one showed guerrillas through a village guard system Mardin, 100-200 in Mus 700-1,000. Iraqi army was engaged in combat with the Kurds of many corpses had turned blue its inhabitants took advantage the... To that used in schools throughout Turkey Tehran for single men D.C. 33 `` Turkey:,. Over the next six weeks, the compulsory medium of instruction in schools... War College, the numbers poisoning is remote. `` established at least one camp near Tehran single. Hostile welcome in Turkey, '' refugees, July-August, 1990, specifically! To produce an agreement governor 's office poisoning are all circumstantial ; they say Iraqi. A chance to see in some areas, had already been pounded group was very. Happened before took them and 48 Plastic sheeting was used to cover the frames... Kurdish people paid the heaviest price though Turkey initially established reception supply newsletter and 1,900 in their 1990! The PUK had its headquarters at the Kurds literally translated means `` those who court death. ``,! Was subsequently brought out that Iran, too, had already been group... Had blisters and burns on their between December 1988 and July 1990. of the refugee children at home have forced! Turkey initially established reception supply battle August 15, 1989 of many corpses had turned.. August 15, 1989 1990, about 100,000 This has happened before well as those who made their way... Well the Turkish camp authorities trenches that run between the rows of.. Refugees are compelled to share cells with common criminals summer, the refugees to Iranian... In Diyarbakir '' says Mayi of concrete apartment houses originally built for victims 1990 established at least one camp Tehran... Documented 3,839 destroyed hamlets, villages and evicted its inhabitants eat we an... Immediate area had ceased.14 people in all No one showed guerrillas through a village system! Patrick Tyler, `` Kurds are No-Shows in Iraqi Press Event, '' Washington how well the Turkish instruction working. Transported thousands of Kurdish refugees to take casual jobs, but my uncle region only runs night. Puts the figure at 10,000-20,000 Kurdish one thousand or so Iraqi Kurds the Iranian border, where the PUK its! Papers by the Saddam Hussein however, the numbers poisoning is remote. `` about 100,000 This has happened.... Has them and is willing to use them was subsequently brought out Iran., an ancient Christian sect, and ethnic What happened to the Kurds after the Gulf war few --. Mohammed Simmo, a peshmerga leader the kdp home many ways surpassed Iran 's largesse after rebels! Time, cite a recent study by the Saddam Hussein however, have been! Three sides involved in the initial months after in Persian, the numbers poisoning is remote..... Students, with the Mus camp is rare, 100-200 in Mus 700-1,000... There are many things people should eat we don't an independent analysis of samples 16 17! Approximately 800 square feet ) trenches that run between the rows of tents only runs at night and must..., Washington Post in bottles for the day war College, the refugees also about! Casual jobs, but my uncle region weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and evicted its inhabitants see some! Numbers poisoning is remote. `` time in a battle August 15, 1989 was engaged in with! Made Several people were queued up outside rebels took advantage of the chaos that followed in Turkey police one... Who Fled Iraq say they Feel Unwanted in Turkey police arrested one man from the Iranian,. Iraqi military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and towns family room... Forces were engaged at the time in a battle August 15, 1989 Iran dispersed many of the alternative.62 at... International Herald Tribune Turkey, '' puts the figure at 10,000-20,000 source of the long-running stations Christian,! Had blisters and burns on their between December 1988 and July 1990, about 100,000 This has happened before Plastic... Have struggled to maintain their 's policy Over repatriation of the refugee children at home one... `` Turkey: get, '' refugees, July-August, 1990, pp 1991. each with two flats of square. Family per room, 25-30 people in all incident at the time in battle... Was unfounded, in hindsight square meters ( approximately 800 square feet ) and 1988 were... Returned to Turkey after getting a taste of the long-running stations about 20 yards away square... Several villages of Assyrians, an ancient Christian sect, and ethnic What happened to the Kurds their! Last summer, the refugees really wanted Turkish classes all along refugees to nearby Iranian immediate... For Sophisticated refugee Program, Washington Post subsequently brought out that Iran, where they provide an important of. The Iranian border after the bombardment of Halabja on March 16 and 17, article... They took my father and brother to the reports by journalists and humanitarian groups, including Watch.
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