In March 2018, as part of a project to highlight women who had been overlooked, the New York Times published a belated obituary of Ida B. The implication of her speech's titlethat lynching had become America's lawwould surely have caused her audience to pause, and the entirety of her speech provided the facts necessary for them to reflect upon. Again the aid of the unwritten law is invoked, and again it comes to the rescue. 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Phelan, Why the Chinese Should Be Excluded (1901), William James on The Philippine Question (1903), Chinese Immigrants Confront Anti-Chinese Prejudice (1885, 1903), African Americans Debate Enlistment (1898), Booker T. Washington & W.E.B. close Export to Citation Manager (RIS) Back to item The photo is from about 1893. ThoughtCo, Aug. 27, 2020, thoughtco.com/ida-b-wells-basics-1773408. She continued her work there on behalf of African Americans. No police try to stop the mob as a noose is thrown over a tree limb. Source: Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Lynch Law in America, The Arena 23 (January 1900), 15-24. No matter that our laws presume every man innocent until he is proved guilty; no matter that it leaves a certain class of individuals completely at the mercy of another class; no matter that it encourages those criminally disposed to blacken their faces and commit any crime in the calendar so long as they can throw suspicion on some negro, as is frequently done, and then lead a mob to take his life; no matter that mobs make a farce of the law and a mockery of justice; no matter that hundreds of boys are being hardened in crime and schooled in vice by the repetition of such scenes before their eyesif a white woman declares herself insulted or assaulted, some life must pay the penalty, with all the horrors of the Spanish Inquisition and all the barbarism of the Middle Ages. . Wells traveled through Great Britain in the summer of 1893 to promote the activities of her anti-lynching campaign, white leaders in Memphis, Tennessee, inundated England with dispatches and newspapers that were short on facts and heavy with ad hominem attacks. Instructors: CLICK HERE to request a free trial account (only available to college instructors) Primary Source Readers At Milestone Documents, we believe that engaging with history's original voices is exciting for students and liberating for instructors. Ida B. Wells-Barnett was a teacher, activist, and journalist who worked tirelessly from the late 1890s to document and fight against lynching throughout the United States. Print friendly. It is considered a sufficient excuse and reasonable justification to put a prisoner to death under this unwritten law for the frequently repeated charge that these lynching horrors are necessary to prevent crimes against women. Journalist Ida B. What becomes a crime deserving capital punishment when the tables are turned is a matter of small moment when the negro woman is the accusing party. She went on to note that lynching was not only a national epidemic, but also an endemic (and barbaric) part of the American psyche. The Modern City and the Municipal Franchise for Wo Equal Rights Amendment to the Federal Constitutio Better Baby Contest, Indiana State Fair, State of the Union Address Part IV (1911). It is not the creature of an hour, the sudden outburst of uncontrolled fury, or the unspeakable brutality of an insane mob. Very scant notice is taken of the matter when this is the condition of affairs. At the time Ida B. The cover page for A Red Record: Tabulated Statistics and Alleged Causes of Lynchings in the United States, 1892-1893-1894 by Ida B. . Our countrys national crime is lynching. According to Wells figures, 66% percent of the victims were African Americans, 34% were white or of some other race. The campaign Ida B. But the spirit of mob procedure seemed to have fastened itself upon the lawless classes, and the grim process that at first was invoked to declare justice was made the excuse to wreak vengeance and cover crime. 1 An African-American woman of "striking courage and conviction," she received national recognition as the leader of the anti-lynching crusade. From Ida B. Features such as a chronology, questions for consideration, a bibliography, and an index are also included to aid students' understanding of the historical context and significance of Ida B. Wells's work. Wells, "Lynch Law in America: The Arena vol 23 (January 1900):15-24. Ida B. Wells-Barnett, ne Ida Bell Wells, (born July 16, 1862, Holly Springs, Mississippi, U.S.died March 25, 1931, Chicago, Illinois), American journalist who led an anti-lynching crusade in the United States in the 1890s. Wells went to heroic lengths in the late 1890s to document the horrifying practice of lynching Black people. McNamara, Robert. It represents the cool, calculating deliberation of intelligent people who openly avow that there is an unwritten law that justifies them in putting human beings to death without complaint. During the last ten years a new statute has been added to the unwritten law. This statute proclaims that for certain crimes or alleged crimes no negro shall be allowed a trial; that no white woman shall be compelled to charge an assault under oath or to submit any such charge to the investigation of a court of law. Ida B. Wells-Barnett was a prominent journalist, activist, and researcher, in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries. In a sense, Wells practiced what today is often lauded as data journalism, as she scrupulously kept records and was able to document the large numbers of lynchings which were taking place in America. Thus lynch law held sway in the far West until civilization spread into the Territories and the orderly processes of law took its place. Today, we should take time to pause . Wells, "Speech on Lynch Law in America, Given by Ida B. . Neither do brave men or women stand by and see such things done without compunction of conscience, nor read of them without protest. At Newman, Ga., of the present year, the mob tried every conceivable torture to compel the victim to cry out and confess, before they set fire to the faggots that burned him. According to this count, 73% of lynchings occurred in the South. The world looks on and says it is well. Ida B. Wells-Barnett published "Lynch Law in Georgia" o n June 20, 1899, to raise public awareness about white racism and violence in the South, particularly with the act of lynching. [1] In 1883, she moved to Memphis where her "love of liberty and self-sufficiency" founded her efforts in challenging systemic racism and institutional injustices suffered by Afro-Americans. Of five hundred newspaper clippings of that horrible affair, nine-tenths of them assumed Hoses guiltsimply because his murderers said so, and because it is the fashion to believe the negro peculiarly addicted to this species of crime. by Frederick Douglass (illustrated HTML at NIU) Important Black Women in American History, 27 Black American Women Writers You Should Know, 6 Revealing Autobiographies by African American Thinkers, African-American History and Women Timeline (1930-1939), The African American Press Timeline: 1827 to 1895, African-American Men and Women of the Progressive Era, Robert Sengstacke Abbott: Publisher of "The Chicago Defender", The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution. Ida B. Wells-Barnett, The Red Record 11 likes Like "The miscegnation laws of the South only operate against the legitimate union of the races; they leave the white man free to seduce all the colored girls he can, but it is death to the colored man who yields to the force and advances of a similar attraction in white women. It asserted its sway in defiance of law and in favor of anarchy. There is, however, this difference: in those old days the multitude that stood by was permitted only to guy or jeer. The negro has suffered far more from the commission of this crime against the women of his race by white men than the white race has ever suffered through his crimes. Five of this number were females. 'without . Our Core Document Collection allows students to read history in the words of those who made it. Lit2Go Edition. Quite a number of the one-third alleged cases of assault that have been personally investigated by the writer have shown that there was no foundation in fact for the charges; yet the claim is not made that there were no real culprits among them. It was enough to fight the enemies from without; woe to the foe within! . The lynching record for a quarter of a century merits the thoughtful study of the American people. In 1867, when Black men in Mississippi could vote for the first time, his white employer told him to vote for the Democrats, but again he refused. A new name was given to the killings and a new excuse was invented for so doing. The nineteenth-century lynching mob cuts off ears, toes, and fingers, strips off flesh, and distributes portions of the body as souvenirs among the crowd. An address she gave in Brooklyn, New York, on December 10, 1894, was covered in the New York Times. . But since the world has accepted this false and unjust statement, and the burden of proof has been placed upon the negro to vindicate his race, he is taking steps to do so. His savage, untutored mind suggested no better way than that of wreaking vengeance upon those who had wronged him. Paid Italy for lynchings at Walsenburg, Col 10,000.00 Our country's national crime is lynching. The world looks on and says it is well. But this alleged reason adds to the deliberate injustice of the mobs work. Wells died on March 25, 1931. It represents the cool, calculating deliberation of intelligent people who openly avow that there is an unwritten law that justifies them in putting human beings to death without complaint under oath, without trial by jury, without opportunity to make defense, and without right of appeal. The Problem of Japan: A Japanese Liberal's View. Wells was a destroyer of narratives and would not hesitate to decimate our modern-day ones. Speech on Lynch Law in America, Given by Ida B. DuBois on Black Progress (1895, 1903), Jane Addams, The Subjective Necessity for Social Settlements (1892), Eugene Debs, How I Became a Socialist (April, 1902), Walter Rauschenbusch, Christianity and the Social Crisis (1907), Alice Stone Blackwell, Answering Objections to Womens Suffrage (1917), Theodore Roosevelt on The New Nationalism (1910), Woodrow Wilson Requests War (April 2, 1917), Emma Goldman on Patriotism (July 9, 1917), W.E.B DuBois, Returning Soldiers (May, 1919), Lutiant Van Wert describes the 1918 Flu Pandemic (1918), Manuel Quezon calls for Filipino Independence (1919), Warren G. 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Garcia, Vietnam Veteran, Oral Interview (1969/2012), Fannie Lou Hamer: Testimony at the Democratic National Convention 1964, Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (1968), Statement by John Kerry of Vietnam Veterans Against the War (1971), Barbara Jordan, 1976 Democratic National Convention Keynote Address (1976), Jimmy Carter, Crisis of Confidence (1979), Gloria Steinem on Equal Rights for Women (1970), First Inaugural Address of Ronald Reagan (1981), Jerry Falwell on the Homosexual Revolution (1981), Statements from The Parents Music Resource Center (1985), Phyllis Schlafly on Womens Responsibility for Sexual Harassment (1981), Jesse Jackson on the Rainbow Coalition (1984), Bill Clinton on Free Trade and Financial Deregulation (1993-2000), The 9/11 Commission Report, Reflecting On A Generational Challenge (2004), George W. Bush on the Post-9/11 World (2002), Pedro Lopez on His Mothers Deportation (2008/2015), Chelsea Manning Petitions for a Pardon (2013), Emily Doe (Chanel Miller), Victim Impact Statement (2015). . Andrew Carnegie on "The Triumph of America" (1885) Henry Grady on the New South (1886) Ida B. Wells-Barnett, "Lynch Law in America" (1900) Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams (1918) Charlotte Perkins Gilman, "Why I Wrote The Yellow Wallpaper" (1913) Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives (1890) Available at https://goo.gl/QvpcRf. Web. Indeed, the record for the last twenty years shows exactly the same or a smaller proportion who have been charged with this horrible crime. She examined a number of cases of lynching and concluded that the accusations of criminal activity were mere pretexts, contrary to the claims of those who tried to justify the practice. And the world has accepted this theory without let or hindrance. In Texarkana, the year before, men and boys amused themselves by cutting off strips of flesh and thrusting knives into their helpless victim. . Thus lynchings began in the South, rapidly spreading into the various States until the national law was nullified and the reign of the unwritten law was supreme. It asserted its sway in defiance of law and in favor of anarchy. . . American It contains the reports of several lynchings and the results of an . The second subsection presents Ida B. . In the case of the boy and girl above referred to, their father, named Hastings, was accused of the murder of a white man. Home; Ida B. Wells-Barnett; African Culture . Her most famous pieces propelled Wells to the leadership of the anti-lynching crusade at the turn of the twentieth century. How does Wells explain the occurrence of lynching? She was also active in the womens rights movement. Hardly had the sentences dried upon the statute-books before one Southern State after another raised the cry against "negro domination" and proclaimed there was an "unwritten law" that justied any means to resist it. A few months ago the conscience of this country was shocked because, after a two-weeks trial, a French judicial tribunal pronounced Captain Dreyfus guilty. Wells, a journalist and social critic who had been born a slave in 1862, published "Southern Horrors: The Lynch Law in. Letter to the Chairman of the Senate Committee on Lansings Memorandum of the Cabinet Meeting. The result is that many men have been put to death whose innocence was afterward established; and to-day, under this reign of the unwritten law, no colored man, no matter what his reputation, is safe from lynching if a white woman, no matter what her standing or motive, cares to charge him with insult or assault. Wells starts her inspiring movement with writing the pamphlet, Lynch Law in Georgia. 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