Theme: Exploring Social Science Issues, learning block 1-1 (page 4) New York, NY: Penguin. What do you think is the worst problem that veterans have faced in returning from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan? These deaths stemmed from bombs and other weapons that went astray, from orders by military and political leaders to drop millions upon millions of bombs on civilian areas, and sometimes from atrocities committed by US personnel. That is the good news and the cause for hope. One major problem in this research literature is that different studies use different definitions and measures of sexual assault. The article presents major trends and turning points in the growth of five social science disciplines in the country: anthropology, economics, political science, psychology and sociology. Fourth, military waste in the form of cost overruns from poor accounting and other management failures is rampant. Planes sprayed and bombed these chemicals. A closer analysis of the opportunities that social science offers the military shows, however, that it provides a variety of research and educational capabilities, . Retrieved February 16, 2012, from http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/nukestatus.html. In contrast, the United States spends 5.1 percent of its economy on its base military budget, which does not include costs for veterans benefits, for the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, and military spending that falls outside the Pentagons budget. 29/12/2020 Client: saad24vbs Deadline: 24 Hours. In these surveys, between 10 percent and 33 percent of women report being raped (including attempts) while they were serving in the military. Einhorn, C. (2011, September 28). This is the longest peace in recorded history by far. Nuclear weapons overview. Wars occur both between nations and within nations, when two or more factions engage in armed conflict. Social Problems by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Obamas damaging blow to our military. That problem is rape, as at least one-fifth and perhaps as many as 84 percent of all military service are raped or sexually assaulted (including sexual harassment) by other military personnel (Turchik & Wilson, 2010). Although education benefits and many other services for veterans exist, the nation needs to do much more to help veterans, these observers say (Baker, 2012; Shusman, 2012). Defense outlays rose by 85 percent beyond inflation between 2000 and 2011. As one business writer put it, Collectively, it is our patriotic responsibility to help our nations servicemen and women thrive in todays economy (Gerber, 2012). towards a more balanced coverage of wider strategic issues, requiring a level of analytical and conceptual thinking. Prompt: During the first week of the . Feb 2, 2023. Our specialists will write a custom essay on any topic for $13.00 $10.40/page. We call them social issues when they start negatively impacting a specific group of people. The shadow world: Inside the global arms trade. Gleditsch, N. P., & Theisen, O. M. (2010). They are also more likely to engage in drug use and binge drinking. As large as it is, the $768 billion just cited as the official figure for the US military budget is misleading in at least two ways. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Each F-35 costs about $300 million. There are many social and ethical issues surrounding the use and abuse of drugs. Retrieved February 18, 2012, from http://servicewomen.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Rape-Sexual-Assault-and-Sexual-Harassment-in-the-Military.pdf. New York, NY: Penguin. April missed the man she used to know: The biggest loss is the loss of the man I married. The National Guard New York National Guard CC BY 2.0. Tirman, J. CNN.com. As a result, and despite the fact that endeavors to reward labor for its wartime cooperation were, in general, provisional, partial, and half-hearted, it was nonetheless the case that labor achieved some real gains (Halperin, 2004, p. 155). Around the globe, US military bases generate resentment, not security. Job numbers are up, but veterans are left behind. This $29 billion sum for each submarine during its lifetime could provide 5.8 million scholarships worth $5,000 each to low- and middle-income high school students to help them pay for college. This percentage range is much higher than the 20 percent share of federal spending cited by the government solely for defense outlays. The samples are almost entirely of women, given their higher risk of being sexually assaulted. Retrieved from http://defensenewsstand.com/NewsStand-General/The-INSIDER-Free-Article/dod-new-nuclear-subs-will-cost-347-billion-to-acquire-operate/menu-id-720.html. The hope arises from historical evidence that the number of international wars, civil wars, and other types of armed conflict has in fact declined over the centuries, with the number in the past half-century much smaller than in centuries past (Pinker, 2012). The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan provide additional examples of a theft from those who hunger and are not fed. These wars cost the United States about $1.3 trillion through 2012, for an average of more than $100 billion annually (Harrison, 2012). These more basic causes of war include population change and environmental change. Veterans in History and Society. The Note 16.13 Children and Our Future box discusses this problem in greater detail. A popular explanation comes from the field of evolutionary biology and claims that a tendency toward warfare is hardwired into our genetic heritage because it conferred certain evolutionary advantages. The document you are viewing contains questions related to this textbook. Americans are hurt, he warned, when the defense budget squanders money that could be used to repair schools or to guarantee universal health care (Arias, 1999, p. A19). InsideDefense.com NewsStand. Most of these victims were civilians, and most of these civilian deaths were the result of actions by the United States and its allies. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/obamas-damaging-blow-to-our-military/2012/01/12/gIQA3eMhuP_story.html. Second, members of Congress fear being labeled weak on defense if they try to reduce the military budget or do not agree to new weapons systems requested by the Pentagon. Collier, E. C. (1993). A related subfield is military sociology, which focuses more explicitly on the organization and . Although wars, other armed conflicts, terrorism, and genocide certainly continue, and 100 million is a terribly high number of deaths, the world overall is in fact more peaceful now than in the past. The United States has been at war in one-fifth of the years it has existed (Bumiller, 2010). Reflecting this decline, a smaller percentage of the worlds population died in armed conflict during the past century than in earlier eras. (2011). The wealthy European countries that compose the bulk of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), an international consortium, spend 2.5 percent of their total economy (gross domestic product, or GDP) on their militaries. Almost half said their family relations were strained and that they often felt irritable or angry; 44 percent said they had problems reentering civilian life; and 37 percent said they had suffered from PTSD. tific Monthly 50: 5-17, 1940. vanden Heuvel, K. (2011, June 13). Impact of Social Issues in Education. Bangor Daily News. The Validity Crisis: Dysfunctions in Social Psychological Science Go Way Beyond Failed Replications Here is a brief sampling of additional problems that threaten the integrity of social. Retrieved from http://www.history.navy.mil/wars/foabroad.htm. Compared to Europe, then, the United States has chosen guns over butter, leaving far less money for its social needs. . Social research can help solve them. Overview: The short response activities in the webtext throughout this course are designed to show your understanding of key concepts as you engage with course content. Read summaries of the latest scientific research pertaining to a range of social issues. But he also notes that the Korean and Vietnam wars included many atrocities committed by American troops against civilians. Washington, DC: Author. McGovern, G. (2011). The American Civil War, also called the War Between the States, then tore it apart less than a century later. As the text discusses, most military women who are raped or sexually assaulted do not report these crimes to military authorities. Reid Kasprowicz A Flag for the Fallen CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. Nuclear war is no longer a two-player game, as it largely was during the cold war, with the U.S. and NATO facing off against the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact. This essay analyzes the different spheres that influenced one of the people with eating behavior problems according to the social-ecological model of health. Special Issues are led by Guest Editors who are experts in the subject and oversee the editorial process for papers. This change is widely credited with helping spur the hopes of southern African Americans that racial desegregation would someday occur in their hometowns (McKeeby, 2008). Women veterans who have been raped or sexually assaulted also have higher rates of drug abuse, unemployment, and homelessness. One of these civilians was a 9-year-old girl named Phan Thi Kim Phuc. Critics of the military budget say that the billions of dollars spent on weapons and other military needs would be better spent on domestic needs such as schools and day care. Explores key concepts, issues, and trends in the interdisciplinary field of veterans studies. (2012, February 17). Looking further back in world history, the death rate in prehistoric times from tribal warfare was extremely high. SCS 200 Week 1 Short Response Guidelines and Rubric Overview: The short response activities in the webtext throughout this course are designed to show your understanding of key concepts as you engage with course content. The U.S. military does not need or want all officers to become social scientist researchers, but applied social science can nevertheless help develop strategic thinking because it: (1) focuses on human behavior and influence; (2) develops comfort with competing theories; (3) requires creativity; and (4) uses evidence and iteration to better . However, the calculation for this statement excludes the additional military expenses just discussed, and it uses a misleading measure of federal spending. But not all civilians are affected equally. Although World War II killed an estimated 55 million people, a smaller percentage of the worlds population died in armed conflict during the twentieth century than in earlier eras. Retrieved from http://fcnl.org/assets/flyer/taxchart11.pdf. In terms of the risk of dying in war, then, the Mongolian wars were five times more deadly than World War II. Retrieved from http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/20/recounting-the-dead; US Department of Defense. The Nation. This type of research accelerated, however, after several scandals involving sexual assault and harassment occurred during the 1990s on military bases and at military academies. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.defense.gov/news/casualty.pdf (accessed February 16, 2012); Martinez, L. (2011, November 11). Americas defense meltdown: Pentagon reform for President Obama and the new Congress Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Regarding this fear, former US senator and presidential candidate George McGovern (2011, p. 47), a decorated World War II hero, writes, We need to end the false choice between a bloated budget and a weak spine.. Answer preview to identify two social science issues related to war. Inevitably, Vietnamese civilians were in the path of the fireballs generated by the US and South Vietnamese militaries. Deaths in wars and conflicts in the 20th century. Tirman (2012, p. 107) writes, Surviving Koreans from the onslaught described in detail the chaotic panic they experienced; having believed the Americans were protecting them, they then saw the U.S. troops fire indiscriminately at men, women, and children at the scene. At the end of the three days, about four hundred civilians lay dead. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. The Three "Waves" That Built the Portfolio. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Most Americans continued to live their normal lives, whereas most Iraqis had to struggle to survive the many ravages of war. In Vietnam, Tirman writes, American troops and planes routinely razed villages to the ground, killing villagers indiscriminately, and then evacuated any survivors. Harrison, T. (2012). Many of the social problems in society are connected in subtle ways, but all social problems are connected to the leadership of countries, corporations, and other groups. US Census Bureau. Advertisement capkay1505 nvm pretend u didn't see Advertisement In 2011, military spending (defense outlays by the Department of Defense and certain other agencies; outlays include costs for the Iraq and Afghanistan wars) according to the government was approximately $768 billion. Although war is a social phenomenon arising from decisions of political and military officials, other phenomena can make it more likely that these officials will decide to go to war. (2012). Jobs, hobbies, friends, even parental obligations to young children fall by the wayside. War is sustained armed conflict that causes large-scale loss of life or extreme material destruction (Worrell, 2011, p. 1). Some think the United States needs to maintain and in fact increase its level of military spending, even with the Cold War long ended, to replace aging weapons systems, to meet the threat posed by terrorists and by rogue nations such as Iran, and to respond to various other trouble spots around the world. As historians and political scientists have often described, wars have a significant economic and political impact. One of the many sad truisms of war is that its impact on a society is greatest when the war takes place within the societys boundaries. When the war began, a sort of truce developed between management and labor, as workers wanted to appear patriotic by supporting the war effort and hoped that they would win important labor rights for doing so. Human and human social systems are matter. Arias, O. Our nations failure to meet their needs is shameful. Indeed, the Marcums situation is far from rare among the families of the 2 million veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Discretionary spending involves the money the president and Congress must decide how to spend each year and includes federal income tax dollars only. As discussed earlier, President Eisenhower eloquently warned about the influence of the US military and the size of the military budget. Retrieved from http://bangordailynews.com/2011/07/22/health/children-of-deployed-troops-struggle-researchers-find. For example, the deaths of so many soldiers during the American Civil War left many wives and mothers without their familys major breadwinner. Scholar John Tirman worries that Americans have generally ignored the civilian victims of US wars. Friends Committee on National Legislation. The social sciences are primarily academic enterprises, more so than either the biological or physical sciences, and the academic portion of the discipline is not only overwhelmingly larger than other sectors but also overpoweringly more prestigious. How You Can Get social science issues related to war With a Zero-Dollar Budget; As the United States has been engaged in several armed conflicts in recent years, I have had several conversations with friends regarding the implications of war on society and how things have changed. Rape, sexual assault, and sexual harassment in the military: The quick facts. Perhaps worse, the United States ranks last among the worlds twenty wealthiest democracies in life expectancy and infant mortality and also ranks worst in the risk of dying before age 60. In M. D. Cavelty & V. Mauer (Eds. The Korean and Vietnam veterans memorials in the nations capital and so many other memorials across the nation remind us of the hundreds of thousands of brave men and women who have died serving their country. Fisman, R., & Miguel, E. (2010). After they did so, US ground troops shot them and left a pile of dead bodies that included twenty-one children. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. More than 85 articles were downloaded, and of these, 53 articles were selected by considering relatedness, reputability of the journal, and pattern of writing and analyzed accordingly. Some people think of war as a negative thing, and some people . A related problem is suicide. The 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, in which Congress authorized President Lyndon Johnson to wage an undeclared war in Vietnam, was passed after North Vietnamese torpedo boats allegedly attacked US ships. The geopolitical nuclear landscape . Cross) Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham) social science, any branch of academic study or science that deals with human behaviour in its social and cultural aspects. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. Before the war, violent labor strikes were common in Britain and other European nations. There are also many innocent victims in wartime, but when children are victims, our hearts especially go out to them. Sugden focuses on three populations susceptible to negative mental health consequences: Those consuming the images, videos, and audio of the war through social media apps, television, radio, and the web. Other types of less obvious social changes have also resulted from various wars. Answer (1 of 10): Brief answer: The principles of social science have to be the same as natural science --- natural laws. Audit of Pentagon spending finds $70 billion in waste. History shows that when these resources become too scarce within a society, that society is more likely to go to war to wrest these resources from another society (Gleditsch & Theisen, 2010). to social improvement. (2011). Union of Concerned Scientists. War Resisters League. Hartung, W. D. (2012). The two atomic bombs dropped by the United States over Japan during World War II killed tens of thousands of civilians. What happened to a leaner, meaner military. Theyre in good shape for the shape theyre in, Sources: Ledbetter, 2011; Vietnam Veterans Against the War, 1971. A concerted effort needed to help homeless veterans. Do we care when civilians die in war? Sometimes, as with the US entrance into World War II after Pearl Harbor, these decisions are sincere and based on a perceived necessity to defend a nations people and resources, and sometimes these decisions are based on cynicism and deceit (Solomon, 2006). (2012, January 12). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 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By the US military bases generate resentment, not security about four hundred civilians lay dead many wives mothers... Read summaries of the latest scientific research pertaining to a range of social.. Audit of Pentagon spending finds $ 70 billion in waste mothers without familys! The good news and the cause for hope this percentage range is much higher the...: //servicewomen.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Rape-Sexual-Assault-and-Sexual-Harassment-in-the-Military.pdf surrounding the use and abuse of drugs scholar John Tirman worries that Americans have generally the... A custom essay on any topic for $ 13.00 $ 10.40/page life or extreme material destruction ( Worrell,,. Described, wars have a significant economic and political impact hunger and are not fed earlier! Higher than the 20 percent share of federal spending cited by the wayside the United States over during. Cavelty & V. Mauer ( Eds military expenses just discussed, and some.. 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